Limit switches Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cutoff switches - Research Paper Example The hypothetical comprehension on how the sensor works and accomplishes it jobs is likewise satisfactorily featured thinking about the glaring focuses and in conclusion there is an end that considers all the potential improvements that ought to be grasps in the sensors on the off chance that they must be trustworthy. Acquaintance It is significant with comprehend that breaking point switches are the kind of sensor that are utilized for the acknowledgment of nonappearance or nearness. In this doing, limit switches as a type of sensors do have the arm, switch, unclogger and handle that is either truly of mechanical initiated to reach balanced articles, with the contact existing between the items and the switch’s actuator and moves it to the ‘limit’. With this sort of activity, it is conceivable to mount a breaking point switch in a remote area to empower its activation by another item and not really an individual. A cutoff switch assumes the accompanying jobs; ident ifying the nearness and nonattendance, speed identification, tallying, location of development run, breaking of circuits when required because of hazardous circumstances (Zhang 57a). As a sensor, limit switches have different points of interest and weaknesses the same, a portion of the favorable circumstances incorporates; it can support switches with elevated level current of up to 10A, it can likewise with stand the majority of the natural conditions, at long last, it is increasingly exact and precise combined with its being conservative in detecting (Zhang 49a). The shortcomings of a similar framework are that there must be a physical contact for the sensor to work and once more, the mechanical pieces of the sensor can generally wear out. History of Sensor With the underlying creation being that of the smaller scale switch, there has been noteworthy improvement in the advancement of the limit changes to guarantee the absolute most convoluted controls are overseen. The image under neath delineates one of the breaking point switches presently utilized in Moving pieces of shorten Who created the Sensor? The creation of a breaking point switch goes back to 1932 when Peter McGall thought of the miniaturized scale switch when he was utilized by one of the battery organizations, Burgess (Zhang 67b). From that point, there has been advancement of a limit change to the contemporary use with a similar application. How and whereâ is it Currently utilized in Industry Many ventures utilize the application that is given by limit switches, in food and refreshments enterprises, there is extraordinary freezing of food. In the freezing procedure, there is the utilization of the programmed bed marking framework that utilizes a wobble stick limit-switch for identification of the stacking of pellets in the correct position. The switch at that point imparts the signs to the transport for the exchange of the heap through the vertical way to the cooler for snappy freezing (Zhang 7 7b). In the greater part of the assembling enterprises, there is requirement for shutting the entryways in the quickest manner conceivable in instances of pollution or fire, the entryways are now and again intended to close at a speed of six feet for each second. The speed can results into breakages and devastation of the entryways, there is then need that the entryways moderate when going to totally open or close, this is an accomplished with the assistance of the cutoff switches. There are numerous different spots where breaking point switches are utilized for the control of further harms. Hypothesis behind Sensor/how it works Limit switches works on the basic truth that they switch on and off contingent upon the action, that happens. In such manner, for the limit change to start a reaction there is clearly a

How to Cite an Ebook in IEEE Referencing

Instructions to Cite an Ebook in IEEE Referencing Instructions to Cite an Ebook in IEEE Referencing Having the option to download a whole library onto a solitary gadget is helpful for understudies and specialists. What's more, this makes it imperative to realize how to refer to a digital book in IEEE referencing. In this post, at that point, we’ll take a gander at both in-content references and the reference list section for a digital book in IEEE. In-Text Citations In-content references in IEEE referencing are shown with numbers in sections. Each number focuses to a source in the reference list, which is the place you give full distribution data. For instance, we would refer to the main source referenced in an archive this way: It is hard to shock a shark with customary hardware [1]. This would then highlight the principal source in the reference list. What's more, to refer to the equivalent digital book again later, we would basically utilize a similar number as in the main reference. The primary minor departure from this essential reference framework happen when: You have just named the creator in the content, when you would give the reference following the name instead of toward the finish of the sentence. Citing a source straightforwardly, which expects you to incorporate page numbers. You can see more on the most proficient method to arrange in-content references in our diagram of the IEEE referencing framework. The most significant thing, however, is that the numbers in your in-content references coordinate the situation of the important sources in the reference list toward the finish of your record. Adding an Ebook to an IEEE Reference List In an IEEE reference list, treat a digital book comparatively to a print book. The main distinction is the need to demonstrate where it very well may be gotten to on the web. The right organization for a digital book in IEEE referencing is in this way: [#] INITIAL(S) Surname, Book Title, release (if not first version). City of Publication: Publisher, year. [Online] Available: URL Practically speaking, at that point, the reference list section for a digital book would resemble this: [1] R. Schneider, A Bigger Boat: Innovations in Electrofishing. Oak Bluffs, MA: Vineyard Publications, 2005. [Online] Available: electrofishing.com/assets/schneider-greater boat.html Don’t neglect to incorporate a little draping indent for each line after the first. Also, if you’d like any assistance checking the referencing in your work, or basically ensuring a record is without mistake, we’re constantly here to help.

Mind Mapping for Lawyers How to Organize Information Effectively - Focus

Mind Mapping for Lawyers How to Organize Information Effectively - Focus Winning a case is about information, and theres no better way to collect, organize and present information than a mind map. If youre looking for a more effective way to prepare for depositions and  get an overview of the most important aspects of a case, read on. “Mind mapping is great for lawyers because it lets them collect information, organize it in a meaningful way and turn it into a compelling case to present in court.” Dave Maxfield,  Attorney Looking for even more ways to use mind maps? Get inspired with these 13 mind map examples. Intelligent Information Management As with every other kind of argument, winning a case is about information, about knowing the facts. No matter which field of law, whether it’s criminal, civil, corporate, family or any other, the facts are what can make or break a case, and it’s the attorney’s job to make them work for him. What makes this task so difficult is the sheer amount of information associated with a legal case. Evidence, witness statements, police reports, autopsies, financial statements, names, dates, relationships â€" everything from the criminal history of a suspect to the weather can be of importance. Getting a good overview of all the facts is problem number one. Number two is structuring them in a meaningful way. Number three is being able to find certain pieces of information again at the crucial moment, and number four is presenting them convincingly. This is where mind mapping comes into play. As a visual thinking tool, it enables attorneys to identify connections, make sense of information, get an overview of the most important aspects of a case and also memorize the details more efficiently. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Deposition of Dr. John Smith M. D. on MindMeister. A number of attorneys already use MindMeister to realize the full potential of mind maps and utilize them to organize their cases.  Heres what MindMeister enables them to do: Collect all links, files and notes relating to a case at a central point Capture ideas and new data as the case progresses Rearrange and structure information in a meaningful way Search their maps by keyword or icon Seamlessly switch between devices Turn their arguments into powerful presentations Outline questioning strategies for depositions and much more. See how others are doing it Dave Maxfield, the two-time Chairman of the Consumer Law section of the South Carolina Bar, uses MindMeister to prepare for his depositions. You can read the full case study here. You might also like Building and using mind maps in legal education, a talk by Jeffrey Ritter, Georgetown Law. Introduce mind mapping in your business Try MindMeister Mind Mapping for Lawyers How to Organize Information Effectively - Focus Winning a case is about information, and theres no better way to collect, organize and present information than a mind map. If youre looking for a more effective way to prepare for depositions and  get an overview of the most important aspects of a case, read on. “Mind mapping is great for lawyers because it lets them collect information, organize it in a meaningful way and turn it into a compelling case to present in court.” Dave Maxfield,  Attorney Looking for even more ways to use mind maps? Get inspired with these 13 mind map examples. Intelligent Information Management As with every other kind of argument, winning a case is about information, about knowing the facts. No matter which field of law, whether it’s criminal, civil, corporate, family or any other, the facts are what can make or break a case, and it’s the attorney’s job to make them work for him. What makes this task so difficult is the sheer amount of information associated with a legal case. Evidence, witness statements, police reports, autopsies, financial statements, names, dates, relationships â€" everything from the criminal history of a suspect to the weather can be of importance. Getting a good overview of all the facts is problem number one. Number two is structuring them in a meaningful way. Number three is being able to find certain pieces of information again at the crucial moment, and number four is presenting them convincingly. This is where mind mapping comes into play. As a visual thinking tool, it enables attorneys to identify connections, make sense of information, get an overview of the most important aspects of a case and also memorize the details more efficiently. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Deposition of Dr. John Smith M. D. on MindMeister. A number of attorneys already use MindMeister to realize the full potential of mind maps and utilize them to organize their cases.  Heres what MindMeister enables them to do: Collect all links, files and notes relating to a case at a central point Capture ideas and new data as the case progresses Rearrange and structure information in a meaningful way Search their maps by keyword or icon Seamlessly switch between devices Turn their arguments into powerful presentations Outline questioning strategies for depositions and much more. See how others are doing it Dave Maxfield, the two-time Chairman of the Consumer Law section of the South Carolina Bar, uses MindMeister to prepare for his depositions. You can read the full case study here. You might also like Building and using mind maps in legal education, a talk by Jeffrey Ritter, Georgetown Law. Introduce mind mapping in your business Try MindMeister

World War I

The Link between Creativity and Mental Disorder Essay

Creativity Creativity is the sole heart of modernization, technology and the arts. Without creativity, humanity would still thrive in caves. There is no argument against creativity being an important aspect of our society, there is, however, a question whether creativity is spawned by mental disorder. Albert Einstein came up with ideas that seemed impossible or eccentric. Froyds psychology theorems were laughed at, but now widely used and accepted. Both men were highly successful with their work. Einstein was considered a slow person and mentally incapable by his teachers. Froyd was an excellent student and was considered above average in all his school work. Both men were labeled as geniuses, and both men suffered from some†¦show more content†¦Such an individual is also known to push away friends and relatives. His work absorbs him and total focus of attention is dedicated to the ongoing project. The ‘genius is known to follow a ‘10 year rule, where this person is known to have. . . two bursts of creativity.(U.S. News and World Report). First one is very extreme, and the second is usually more socially accepted. According to Gardner a ‘genius is also known to have childlike perceptions on things. Taking a totally different route to solving a problem was one of the major ways Albert Einstein came up with his time and space theories. In the 4th century B.C. Aristotle was quoted as saying, Why is it that all men who are outstanding in philosophy, poetry or the arts are melancholic?(New York Times, c1). Ever since then a famous anonymous quote was formed, There is a thin line between genius and madness. (New York Times). It is not uncommon for a creative person to suffer from different types of depressions. According to a study performed by Dr. Arnold M. Ludwig at the University of Kentucky Medical Center that . . . looked at the incidence of psychiatric illness among 1004 eminent men and women . . . Ludwig discovered that psychiatric disturbances were far more common among the artists than among the others. (New York Times. C8). Dr. Ludwig does not conclude thatShow MoreRelatedThe Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder, Annotated Bibliography854 Words   |  4 PagesTHE LINK BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND BIPOLAR DISORDER The Link Between Creativity and Bipolar Disorder Creativity is related with bipolar disorder is a popular assumption. The fact that many creative people, including Van Gogh, Ernest Hemingway, Leo Tolstoy, and Sylvia Plath, suffered from some kind of mental disorders triggers that idea. Psychologists have been interested in this contingent link for decades. In this paper, after defining both terms, I examine three articles that reportRead MoreThe Correlation between Creativity and Madness1594 Words   |  7 PagesThere lies a link between creativity and madness and the association stems from the need of an unconventional thought process to spark creativity and biological factors surrounding the brains of both creative individuals, and mentally ill patients. Could it be Madness? A correlation between a more creative individual and a mentally ill patient exists, and it is highly likeable that the former could be the latter. The issue of whether great mental abilities, whether it’s creativity in crafts suchRead MoreCreativity And Mental Disorders : Subjective Dilemma Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesCreativity and Mental Disorders: Subjective Dilemma The mentally ill have been viewed by society as being more creative than normal people. However, studies have shown that this may not be true in every case. Current research is inconclusive about whether the mentally ill have any more creative potential than those without mental disorders. I believe that this will never be truly resolved, because creativity is too subjective to be narrowed down to data that can be truly measured by researchers;Read More Kay Redfield Jamisons Touched With Fire: Manic Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temeprament994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe compelling connection between mental disorders and artistic creativity. Artists have long been considered different from the general population, and one often hears tales of authors, painters, and composers who both struggle with and are inspired by their madness. Jamisons text explores these stereotypes in a medical context, attributing some artists irrational behaviors to mental disorders, particularly manic-d epressive illness. In order to establish this link, Jamison presents an impressiveRead MoreEssay about Bipolar Disorder: Illness and Treatment693 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is characterized by unusual and sudden changes in mood, energy, activity levels affecting the ability to perform everyday tasks, impacting negatively relationships, professional life and often leading to suicide. Bipolar disorder usually show signs in adolescence or early adulthood and is a long term condition that must be appropriately treated in order to improve the life quality of the patient. Often people suffering from bipolar disorder also suffer addiction to drugs and alcoholRead MoreThe Surfacing Field Of Posttraumatic Growth1748 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion if mental illness connects to creativity. The notion that mental illness and creativity are linked is very noticeable to the public eye. Many creators had harsh life experiences such as loss of a relative, physical disability or social r ejection. When dealing with a mental illness one’s mind travels to other thoughts; this is how creative processes form in their mind. They see the world differently than others and create their visions or thoughts onto paper or sculpt it. Creativity can alsoRead MoreThe Genius And Mental Illness1332 Words   |  6 Pages Artistic Genius and Mental Illness The path from mental illness to creative genius in many artists and writers has long been a topic of research and discussion. Researchers believe they are now gaining new clues about the mysterious link between highly creative individuals and mental disorders, most commonly manic depression. The National Institute on Mental Health estimates that manic depression, also called bipolar disorder, affects about 2 million Americans. Many scientists believe that aRead MoreI Am A Mad Genius982 Words   |  4 Pagesyears if there is a link between madness, and intelligence. Many Scientists have been proclaimed as a â€Å"mad genius.† This list includes Nicola Tesla, who is â€Å"the man that created the 20th century.† While he may be extremely intelligent, â€Å"he suffered from an extreme case of OCD, and germephopia. He also would refuse to touch anything round† (Bayne) . Tesla is the reason that I am writing this essay. I have always been a fan of him, his work, and his insanity. So is there a link between genius, and madnessRead MoreThe, The And, And Artist, Georgia O Keefee, By Edgar Allen Poe1108 Words   |  5 Pagesancient Greek philosopher, to write â€Å"Madness, provided it comes as the gift of heaven, is the channel by which we receive the gr eatest blessings†¦. madness comes from God, whereas sober sense is merely human† ( Plato’s Phaedrus). This association between madness and greatness quickly became popular, with many famous â€Å"mad geniuses† fueling the assertion. The list of afflicted artists is staggering, and spans all areas of art. Many iconic figures including writer T.S. Eliot, the beloved composer IrvingRead MoreThe British Medical Journal Separates A Genius s Creative Process1468 Words   |  6 Pages For the sake of this report, mental stability can be defined as the psychological condition of an individual, based on exterior influence and inner conflict. Mental instability can include social insecurity, lack of self-esteem, affective disorders, and other forms of mental illness. There is no consistent link between creativity and mental instability, but there are inexplicably diverse relationships between creativity and mental instability. Creative genius is the ability to think unlike the

Business System Integration and Consultancy Free Essays

string(129) " challenge with manual cleaning is the clip it consumes and the human resource required from an already overladen Aluxtel staff\." â€Å"Abstract Customer relationship direction ( CRM ) is a combination of people, procedures and engineering that seeks to understand a company ‘s customers.† The faculty â€Å"Business System Integration and Consultancy† was one I had been looking frontward to of all time since I decided to fall in the class. The chance of holding existent clip experience of being a adviser and transporting out a undertaking was truly appealing. We will write a custom essay sample on Business System Integration and Consultancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the class of the faculty, the assorted facets of consultancy and undertaking execution were introduced under the umbrella of a consultancy undertaking. My essay covers the assorted phases that I went through as a portion of my group, the alterations I would do if I were to travel through the procedure once more and the accomplishments I gained by undergoing the faculty. The essay is loosely divided into two subdivisions. The first subdivision covers the procedure of system integrating I would follow. This covers the phases like Request for Information and Request for Proposal which covers the execution scheme. The 2nd subdivision high spots the personal acquisition. THE PROCESS OF SYSTEM INTEGRATION The faculty took us through assorted phases of system integrating get downing from the client seting up petition for information. If the procedure was to be repeated, there is a series of alterations and betterments that could be incorporated into the same. These have been detailed below. The Request for Information ( RFI ) S Daellenbach and Sally J Davenport suggest that organisations enter into confederation based on properties of organisation and its representatives instead than the property of the future confederation relationship ( Establishing Trust during the Formation of Technology Alliances ‘ , Journal of Technology Transfer, 29 ( 2 ) , 2004:187 ) . The RFI phase is the platform to demo the clients the credibleness and eligibility of the company in taking up the undertaking ( mention of where you got the info from ) . It is of import to affect the client ; demo them that you have the capableness and besides set up trust. For this it is indispensable to demo partnership by seting the logo of Aluxtel and ICG together. The presentation would cover the accomplishments, the strengths, the services offered and relevant experience of ICG in the country of client demand. It would besides showcase the of import old and current partnerships of the company ; for this I would utilize Son of the spous e companies. The presentation should non give so much information that the client misses the indispensable points. ICG ab initio had 19 slides which were cut down to 14 during the RFI phase. Another facet I would make otherwise, was sing an question by the client about employee turnover ratio. ICG had divulged that information to Aluxtel but I subsequently found out that such inside informations are seldom let out by a company and about ne’er during RFI phase. Meeting with the client is besides a really important facet. Survey by Katz and Kahn suggest that appraisal of trust is likely to be based ab initio on the interpersonal interactions ( 1978 ) . It is hence of import to subscribe the â€Å"psychological contracts† with the client. The Request for Proposal ( RFP ) This phase required us to showcase the program to turn to the client ‘s demand. The important facet to this was to pull out the right information from the client through the series of meetings we had. The process adopted consisted of three stairss – analysing the organisation A ; understanding demands, explicating execution scheme and measuring the undertaking execution. Procedure and Technology Measure 1: Analyzing organisation A ; Understanding Requirements The key to acquiring information from the clients as pointed by the faculty leaders is to inquire an unfastened ended inquiry which leaves the client to speak more than you. The effectual direction of information has a important function to play in CRM. Information is critical for merchandise tailoring, service invention, amalgamate positions of clients, and ciphering client life-time value ( Peppard, 2000 ) . The initial negotiations were non really fruitful, due to inexperience and nervousnesss. The attendant meetings yielded more information ; the last meeting had been more focussed in footings of the inquiries and yielded specific concerns of the client sing cost decrease and organisational restructuring. This helped ICG modify the program to run into the client ‘s specific involvements. The information was used to transport out analysis utilizing techniques like SWOT analysis, stakeholder analysis and plague analysis. I would follow this as it greatly helped in analysing t he consequence of the undertaking on assorted facets of the organisation. Measure 2: Execution Scheme The scheme should provide to three chief facets viz. people, procedure and engineering. The thought is that a new procedure is to be designed by integrating engineering to give the company the competitory advantage. The focal point nevertheless needs to be on the demands of the company and non engineering. Technology should ever be the facilitator. This fact is confirmed by Rigby and Ledingham who say that directors should non be distracted by the CRM package but should concentrate on what demands it should provide to ( 2004 ) . I steadfastly adhere to this school of idea and believe that doing engineering the chief drive force behind determinations can do concerns to lose focal point on their nucleus competences, unless the nucleus competence is engineering itself. The chief facet to be considered in the instance of Aluxtel is the presence of silo systems. Migrating the information into a individual database would greatly cut down call clip and better client satisfaction. However this should non impact the normal concern operations. Bearing these factors in head a information migration program has to be devised. The information migration would besides function as an chance to transport out informations cleansing. In 2001, Gartner analysts Scott Nelson and Jennifer Kirkby reported that disregarding informations quality is the figure one ground for CRM undertaking failures ( Power, 2009:40 ) . The information of Aluxtel could be largely cleansed by automatic methods but required manual cleaning every bit good. The challenge with manual cleaning is the clip it consumes and the human resource required from an already overladen Aluxtel staff. You read "Business System Integration and Consultancy" in category "Essay examples" From the interactions wi th the faculty leaders, it was concluded that cent per centum clean information is a rareness. Therefore I believe that automatic cleaning would do as an immediate demand. The information from silo systems could be integrated into a separate individual database and it can undergo the manual cleaning. This method has its pros and cons. Since the undertaking will be implemented in a phased mode, the above scheme would intend keeping bequest and new database till the undertaking goes unrecorded in all the offices. However it besides provides a autumn back mechanism to the bequest database in instance of any issue. The new system can take a few months to settle, where the staff and the clients become familiar with the system. The Information and Technology ( IT ) staff on which the burden is lesser than sales/marketing staff can transport out the manual cleaning. [ Refer appendix for informations migration diagram ] The client today takes certain services for granted, chief being an online service. It enormously adds to the convenience factor of the client. Bearing this in head, a web portal is a necessity. Peppers and Rogers depict how web sites help in retaining clients by offering services in traditionally impossible ways [ 2000 ] . The presence of a amalgamate database would intend that investing required for this would be minimum. Besides, presenting an IVR system with an machine-controlled confirmation service would greatly cut down call clip and the incommodiousness caused to clients by perennial confirmation questions. The following facet of the scheme is to look at cost decrease and organisational restructuring. For a apparatus that involves client naming in for questions, it is instead unneeded to hold four different offices for call centres. Integrating them would greatly cut down disposal and care costs. I would lodge to the recommendation made to unify Milton Keynes office with Birmingham office. There have been instances of companies Virgin, Bata etc switching central offices without impacting their concern. The cost decrease it would convey greatly justifies this move. An facet I would wish to convey about if I do this undertaking once more is affecting clients in make up one’s minding other alterations to be brought about since CRM is a client centric undertaking. Random calls could be made to the clients asking about the alterations they would wish to see in the procedure. Optimizing client relationships requires a complete apprehension of all clients ; profitable every bit good as non-profitable, and so to form concern procedures to handle clients separately based on their demands and their values ( Renner, 2000 ) . This reinforces the advantages to be gained by utilizing the client profiling. One point that was missed out, as pointed out by Mr. Gary was the hazard analysis. Possible hazards such as undertaking failure, unequal return on investing, unplanned undertaking budget alterations, unhappy clients, loss of employee assurance, and recreation of cardinal direction clip and resources must be good thought out ( Schweigert, 2000 ) . Identifying the hazards involved and accordingly mapping the ways to extenuate these hazards would be a great confidence to the client and will besides guarantee better opportunities of forestalling a undertaking failure. Measure 3: Appraisal and Control Argyris and Schon describe the spread between ‘intent ‘ and realisation as the major challenge in strategic direction theory ( 1996 ) . It is of import that the undertaking is invariably reviewed and assessed to do certain its on the right class and it adheres to the program set out. The steps taken by ICG were really good in run intoing this demand. A steering commission and a follow up commission would guarantee that undertaking stuck to its program. The undertaking had a stage â€Å"controlling† every bit good for the intent. Peoples Execution of endeavor engineering, such as CRM and ERP, requires alterations to organisational civilization ( Al-Mashari A ; Zairi, 2000 ) . It is hence of import to fix the people involved for the alteration and do certain they are motivated to encompass the alteration. Most jobs in CRM execution are non proficient. [ Schwartz et Al, 2002 ] identifies organisational alteration as a major challenge for CRM executions. Analyzing the execution scheme, it is clear that the alteration is huge and there is a really valid demand to look into the people aspect. The first thing to make would be to affect the senior direction in the procedure of fixing the staff for the alteration. Cap Gemini and IDC found that top direction and selling and gross revenues direction are by and large the instigators of a corporate CRM undertaking ( 1999 ) . Besides developing Sessionss will be conducted to do them recognize the benefits of the new system and to besides guarantee their credence. Their feedbacks at assorted phases can guarantee that the undertaking is on path and these stairss would besides guarantee their ownership in the undertaking. A major issue to be considered is the resettlement of people in Milton Keynes to Birmingham and besides from the different call centres to the integrated call Centre. There is likely to be opposition in this respect. This issue was non discussed decently in ICG ‘s proposal. I believe that a little hiking in wage is justified to actuate people for the alteration. This would n’t be a load on the company sing the effectual outgo cut. Besides a publicity would be a large psychological motive for the staff even if the salary rise associated with the publicity is minimum. Personal Learning The faculty helped in understanding the constructs of consultancy and how to be professional in the work that you do. It familiarized me with the assorted phases involved in a undertaking and how to undertake each of them. It is most of import to hold a holistic position sing all possible facets. Initially, the focal point had merely been on planing a CRM system. But as the class progressed, I learned to look at the chances for organisational restructuring and investigation for ways to transfuse process optimisation and cost decrease. The experience of working with clip restraints in a really competitory environment has made me confident to take on the universe of confer withing. As for the soft accomplishments, I was a portion of all the meetings with the client and besides handled the RFI presentation and the concluding presentation. It made me confident to talk in forepart of honored persons. The meetings helped me understand the elusive niceties of constructing a resonance by conversation and gestures. I was besides introduced to the art of inquiring the right sort of inquiries to pull out inside informations from the client. The procedure of working in a group besides was a really fulfilling experience. The work was by and large divided among the members and each member came prepared with the subject. This was followed by treatments and encephalon storming about the assorted subjects. This ensured proper analysis of all the subjects and deep apprehension about the same. It besides made certain that everyone in the group was cognizant of all the facets of our proposal. This was highlighted by the fact that during the reappraisal session by the panel after our concluding presentation, all the members answered to the questions. Bibliography Al-Mashari, M. and Zairi, M. ( 2000 ) , â€Å" The effectual application of SAP R/3: a proposed theoretical account of best pattern † , Logistics Information Management, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 156-66. Argyris, C and Schon, D ( 1996 ) Organizational larning II: Theory, Method and Practise. Chen, J.I A ; Popvich.K, 2003. â€Å"Understanding client relationship direction ( CRM ) : Peoples, procedure and technology† in Business Process Management Journal. Vol 9 Daellenbach, S. A ; Davenport, J. 2004. â€Å"Establishing trust during the formation of engineering alliances† in Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol: 29 ( 2 ) Finnigan D.J A ; Willcocks, L.P, ( 2007 ) , Implementing CRM: From engineering to Knowledge Peppard, J. ( 2000 ) , â€Å" Customer relationship direction ( CRM ) in fiscal services † , European Management diary, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 312-27. Peppers, D. and Rogers, four ( 2000 ) , â€Å" Successful Web sites † , DMReview.Com, 4 February. Power.D, 2009. â€Å"Data Quality and MDM ; A information quality mentality additions MDM plan success† in Information Management. Vol 19 ( 2 ) . Renner, D. ( 2000 ) , â€Å" Customer relationship direction: a new arm in your competitory armory † , Siebel Magazine, Vol. 1 No. 2. Rigby, D.K. and Ledingham, D ( 2004 ) CRM done right. Harvard Business Review, 82 ( 11 ) , 118-129 Shwartz, M. , Schliebs, O. and Wyssusek, B. ( 2002 ) Concentrating the Customer: A Critical Approach towards Design and Use of Data Warehousing in Corporate CRM. DMDW Workshop at CAISE, Toronto. Schweigert, D. ( 2000 ) , â€Å" Balancing idealistic V realistic procedures † , in Proceedings of DCI Customer Relationship Management Conference, Boston, MA, 27-29 June How to cite Business System Integration and Consultancy, Essay examples

Why Malaysians Football Cannot Go Far free essay sample

Football or soccer is one of Malaysian favorite’s sports. According to the Oxford Fajar 3rd edition dictionary, football can be defined as a game that played by large group of people and it is relate with team cohesiveness. As a country that play football, of course Malaysia have its own national team and use to be call as the ‘tiger squad’ by other team in international matches. The ‘tiger squad’ is one of the best team in South East Asia but not in Asia or world class level. Long time ago, in the year of Mokhtar Dahari or also known as the ’Super Mokh’, our football team was well known in all over the world and can be classified as one of the best team in Asia. Nowadays, our football teams have lost the touch and not being afraid by other team. Football is one of the countrys eight core sports, meaning the government supports and funds its development from the grassroots. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Malaysians Football Cannot Go Far? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most of the cabinet members are utterly disappointed by what has happened with the national team. According to the FIFA’s world rank, Malaysia is in ranking 167 in the world behind Thailand. This essay is about â€Å"Why our national team can not go far? † There are few reasons why our national team can not go far and few solutions to solve the problem. The first and the main reason why our national team can not go far is because of our football management is poor. There is something wrong in our football management. The management of an organization especially in football team is the leader of the group that will lead the group to achieve goal. If the leader have problem, what will their player will be? So in order to solve this problem they have to change to new strategy of management like others countries that have been successful in football. A very good example of successful football team is the Japan’s football team. They have shown to the world that Asia people also can compete in the world class level. We have to follow their footstep and show to the world our ‘Malaysia Boleh’ spirit. The first step that we have to take is to hire more professional coach to teach our players the right ways in playing football. This is very important because if the players do not being teach the right ways, they will play football like a group of chicks chasing their mother. There are no formation and a strategy in the team. The second thing that the management have to change is when it come to select the player for the team. Please select the players carefully. Select only the players that show a great performance, skilful and able to work as a team. Do not easily select the player based on their age and physical because not all young players can play and not all senior players are great. Let the best men win’ concept have to be use in selecting the players because it is the best way and no discrimination. The next step is to arrange the training schedule efficiently. The training schedule should be suit to every player’s time and make sure they attend the training session. The manager of the group is the person who in charge for this matter. A football manager have to be ready in any situati on, always give advice or opinion to players, always study the team weakness and always motivate the players. These are the characteristics of manager who able to manage the team well. The second reason of the problem is about the payment for players are so little. This kind of problem will affect their consistencies. The questions like, ‘How do I pay my car loan? How do I pay my house rent? ’ will bear in their mind during their practises and games. This problem also will make them not to attend the training sessions. To compare the payment of our players and Japan’s players is like our players get not even half of the payment for Japan’s player. So, to avoid this problem the Malaysian Football Association (FAM) should take part with giving more budgets on player’s payment. This thing will make the players feel so happy and have the spirit to perform well. They also can concentrates and focus in their football matches with no more bothering questions in their mind. The FAM also can give bonus to player who performs well. This is to encourage them to scores goals and plays well in their matches. If we expect high reputation of someone, what are we have to do? The answer is we have to appreciate that person. This is the same formula in football, if we want the players to play well we have to appreciate them like praise them for their hard works. Please remember that the players are the heart of a team, without them there are no football team. Attitude can be define as a human behaviour and the ways of they thinking that will make them acts in either positive or negative ways in their daily life. The players’ attitude is one way to go far in football. This is about the next reason for our problem. Our players have many negative habits that should be change to go far. Japan’s players are not like our players, they are so discipline in every point of view. They never late for trainings and never break the rules that have been set for them. So, in this case, the best words to describe the good attitudes are the players must be on the time to the practise sessions. This kind of attitude has been plant in our self since we still in primary school but why is this problem still happened? Why don’t we use the old formula back to handle this problem, let all the late comers been punish and the punishment is to cut their allowance. Besides that, don’t ever skip the practise session unless have the reasonable reason. The management should make sure they have medical letter from FAM’s panel clinic if they don’t attend the training session. Do not accept reasons without medical letter. Others than that, do not break the rules that have been set and follow all the instruction that had been given. If our players have all of these criteria, no wonder one day Malaysia will be qualified to enter the FIFA’s world cup tournament. Players’ health is the next issue. This is also another reason why we are left behind in football. Without good health, a footballer cannot perform well in game because they will have problem with their stamina. So, the players have to take care of their health to be successful in football. To have a good health the players must obviate from taking alcohol, drugs and smoking. There are so many cases about our players who taking alcohol and drugs get caught. This is a very serious matter and the FAM has to be stricter in handling cases like this. Alcohol and drugs are not good for our health because both can destroy our heart and also make us feel like not in the real world. Can you imagine how are the players who taking drug playing football? Other way that can make the players have the good health is to take healthy food and do the wells balance diet. The players also have to take the protein and vitamin for energy in field It will help to maintain the stamina of the player. If it not enough, try to take the supplement food. There are so many benefits of taking supplement food and it is clinically tested to give you energy all day long. No matter how rich you are, if you do not have a good health it worth nothing and remember what the proverb said, prevention is better than cure. Schedule is about arranging and managing our time with activities to complete our works. Systematically, just in time, practical and nice arrangements are those words to describe schedule. Nowadays everything need the schedule to accomplish certain work Successful football team like Japan’s team usually have their own schedule like practice schedule. The main purposes of practice schedule are to make the players come to practice regularly and to suit the practice session with their own work. Besides that, the players also should have the class and chill out schedule for their own use. The players can manage and balance the time well between class and chill out hours using this schedules. Don’t you think that it will be nice if all your works completed just in time, systematically and in nice arrangement. Now, we can see the benefits of using schedule but please take note that it is no use to have schedules but do not follow it. There are one more factor that people believe contributed to recent lack of quality in Malaysian football. One of the main talking point is back in late 90s there are so many players were sacked because of their involvement in bribery. And sadly they are all good players. I think that is the turning point that causes Malaysia Football so boring to watch. Some also said Malaysian should not squarely blame the footballers. Malaysian instead must pull up a rope over the officials’ neck and say that they are the guilty ones. It’s funny how our Malaysian politicians often tend to come up with so call â€Å"quick but expensive† solutions without proper study made on the causes of failures. So far Malaysian footballers have not done well outside of Malaysia, and this however is slowly changing as new players like Titus James Palani, Akmal Rizal is making their mark overseas. Titus is now in France, while Akmal returned from a stint in Germany. Currently there are two young Malaysian in EPL club academy, Azwan Hasahar at Fulham and Mohd Naim Ahmad at Birmingham City. Azwan is a winner of Soccastar reality TV show and Mohd Naim brought to Birmingham by Steve Bruce himself when they do trial here at Malaysia. In conclusion, we find that internal problem that occur in our football team was the main reason why our national team cannot go far even though many others external problem happened in world wide football federation. So, in order to make our football in the same level with Japan and others foreign football team, I’m suggesting that FAM should organize an academic talent programmed, start training players as young as five years’ old, set up coach education programmed and review the Malaysian league and football club licensing. One day our dream will come true.

Gender Social Conditioning Essays

Gender Social Conditioning Essays Gender Social Conditioning Essay Gender Social Conditioning Essay The Influence Of Education On Gender Socialization The common misconception about gender nowadays is that it has the same meaning as sex, something innate and natural. However, since 1970s, increasingly more anthropologists like Margaret Mead agree that gender is something that can be conditioned and is prone to socialization. Since a young age, possibly around two to three years old when an infant begins to develop higher cognitive functions, society bombards them with different signals that slowly condition them into a specific gender role: male or female. By gender role, I am referring to a set of attitudes or behaviors that is encouraged or at least expected of a person based on his or her gender. This also means that gender is malleable and a product of socio-cultural and historical contingencies – a social construct. Normal traits that we associate with a specific gender like aggressiveness with men and gentility with women are not as natural as they seem. In fact, these seemingly normative behaviors have been slowly fortifying our own perspectives about gender roles but also help shape people into a gendered being. Therefore, boys are raised to conform to male gender role and girls are brought up to fit the female gender role. In a ‘Western Society’ for example the US or Europe, education becomes an integral part of a child’s livelihood from a very young age. The influences from education that condition children into specific gendered beings cannot be ignored as school time accounts for most of a child or teenager’s life. : I am highlighting that this is common in ‘the West’ because family expectations or religious traditions might be the bigger factor or influence for gender socialization in communitarian or other types of societies. I would like to start with an observation I made about this particular issue while looking through an English language textbook for beginners. In a chapter about occupations, I noted that most jobs associated with the public sphere usually carry male connotations with them, for example, fireman or policeman. Furthermore, the pictures depicting people in these public sphere jobs usually have male models. On the other hand, jobs related to servitude or obedience such as waitresses or nurses usually has female models portraying the jobs. This is where I first encountered an example of the issue of gender socialization in the education field. This particular example shows us that children from a young age have been conditioned to relate male with the public realm and also as dominant providers; whereas females are linked to obedience and serving others. This fits in with Sack’s argument that women are discouraged to work in the public realm where their work could be properly evaluated and valued. These subliminal signals from school along with their family’s structure and parents’ roles or occupations could reinforce the children’s expectations for genders. This in turn would affect the children’s preference of jobs where they choose something that conforms to their genders’ characteristics and thus, the cycle of gender conditioning begins again. Another very important gender socialization process that occurs during a child’s educational years is self-socialization. I first noted this phenomenon when I saw a teenage girl being ridiculed for wanting to play basketball with the boys and thought of another situation when my male friend was mocked for participating in a drama production. The common trend I have noticed is that when an individual does not behave or conform to his or her own gender’s expectations, society often reacts in a disapproving or negative manner. Thus the ‘deviant’ individual through external pressure or other mechanisms like shame or punishment would hope to correct his or her own behavior so that it is more in tune with their gender expectations. From an early age, boys and girls would have started self-correcting their own behaviors so that they received less negative feedback from the external reality. This, however, reinforces the differences seen by children between male and female and ultimately leading to the conclusion that you can only behave like one or the other. The duality of gender actually limits opportunities and potential an individual can have because if that specific skill or quality is not within a gender’s characteristics, it might be self-corrected and discarded through self-socialization. We can even see an example or offshoot of this issue in the homosexuality debate occurring right now, men who are acting in a supposingly ‘devious manner’ are being discriminated against not because of any biological reasons but because of socio-cultural pressure to conform to normative gender expectations. This process of self-socialization starts from a relatively early age to shape us into what our society constitutes as male or female genders. Lastly, another aspect of education that has long-lasting effect on forming gendered beings is the way a classroom is ran and methods of teaching. There seems to be an emerging trend of a new style of teaching which uses a more open and interactive system, we see this in new schools such as ‘School Without Walls’. However, the majority of public or private schools in the US, or even around the world in this case, still follows a strict guideline on how students should behave in a classroom. Desired qualities in an ideal student from a teacher’s perspective would be obedience, quietness, maturity, passiveness and patience. In a system where examinations and tests account for the majority of the grading criteria, a student behaving according to these qualities would do better than a student who is more active, ‘rebellious’ or passionate. One might notice that the characteristics that would allow a student to succeed in school are relatively feminine. Especially considering that girls are thought to develop at a faster pace than boys and reach full cognitive maturity sooner. The female gender might have an intrinsic advantage at doing better in our education system over male students who are often described as more energetic, easily distracted and physical. The ways the education system functions and evaluates allow more matured female students to focus and excel in studies while more physical male students would start to lose interest in education all together. This is a trend we have started to notice in the US where the dropout rate for male students is 50% higher than female students in a specific state; the significant gap shows that the education system clearly has different effects on male and female. To sum up how our way of teaching in classrooms can form gendered beings, one can say that boys are ‘discouraged’ from education or demotivated due to the education system’s inadaptability with intrinsic characteristics usually associated with male children such as aggressiveness and spirited. This in turn would lead male children to focus more on their own physical aspect while female children who have better chances at completing school, would have less external pressure and could focus on their own mental capabilities and schoolwork. Thus, this social process successfully highlighted the gender differences and strengthens notions about how genders are formed socially. This particular process could later on lead to selecting careers that are clearly relegated to a specific gender. The reinforcement of ideas about the duality of gender into our children’s minds would help them form their own concepts about gender roles and potential. From a children’s textbook to how a class is ran, it seems that our society is crammed with subliminal or direct signals that slowly shape us into our gender roles or to become a ‘gendered being’. According to Margaret Mead, gender is something that varies from culture to culture and the gender roles we have established here might not be the norm for another society. Her work shows that gender roles or expectations are complex products of socio-cultural, economical and historical contingencies and not just something innate in our biological differences between male and female. Following her idea, I realized that in our society, a lot of these gender socialization processes have been institutionalized and even the smallest things could help form us into the gendered beings we are today. Hence, I started at an early stage of cognitive development where the mind is the most ‘absorbent’ so to speak. In conclusion, I’ve found out that not only is the education system itself very much reinforcing these gendered ideas but as the children progress in this system, they also increasingly bolster these ideas in their peers through self-socialization, somewhat similar to a mutual exchange of ideas. Therefore, one can understand that the influence and effect of the educational system cannot be overlooked on how gendered ideas and eventually gendered beings are formed as these ideas carry themselves into the ‘real’ and ‘adult’ society where these gender expectations are then passed on again to the next generation like a cycle. Bibliography: Abu-Lughod, Lila. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. Berkeley: University of California, 1986. Print. Mack, Julie. A Closer Look At The Gender Gap In High School Dropout. The Kalamazoo Gazette. N. p. , Apr. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Mead, Margaret. Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. Print. [ 1 ]. Mack, Julie. A Closer Look At The Gender Gap In High School Dropout. The Kalamazoo Gazette. N. p. , Apr. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.

Stone Boiling is an Ancient Cooking Method

Stone Boiling is an Ancient Cooking Method Stone boiling is an ancient cooking technique to heat food with directly exposing it to flame, reducing the likelihood of burning, and allowing the construction of stews and soups. The old story about Stone Soup, in which a glorious stew is created by placing stones in hot water and inviting guests to contribute vegetables and bones, may have its roots in ancient stone-boiling.   How to Boil Stones Stone boiling involves placing stones into or next to a hearth or other heat source until the stones are hot. Once they have achieved an optimal temperature, the stones are quickly placed into a ceramic pot, lined basket or other vessel holding water or liquid or semi-liquid food. The hot stones then transfer the heat to the food. To maintain a continued boiling or simmering temperature, the cook simply adds more, carefully timed, heated rocks. Boiling stones typically range in size between large cobbles and small boulders, and should be of a type of stone that is resistant to flaking and splintering when heated. The technology involves a considerable amount of labor, including finding and carrying an adequate number of appropriately sized stones and building a large enough fire to transfer sufficient heat to the stones. Invention Direct evidence for using stones to heat liquid is a little hard to come by: hearths by definition generally have rocks in them (called generally fire-cracked rock), and identifying whether the stones have been used to heat liquid is difficult at best. The earliest evidence that scholars have suggested for the use of fire dates to ~790,000 years ago, and clear evidence for soup making is not present at such sites: it is possible, perhaps likely, that fire was first used to provide warmth and light, rather than cooking. The first true, purpose-built hearths associated with cooked food date to the Middle Paleolithic (ca. 125,000 years ago). And the earliest example of hearths filled with heat-fractured round river cobbles come from the Upper Paleolithic site of Abri Pataud in the Dordogne valley of France, about 32,000 years ago. Whether those cobbles were used to cook with is probably speculation, but definitely a possibility. According to a comparative ethnography study conducted by American anthropologist Kit Nelson, stone boiling is used most frequently by people who live ​in the temperate zones on earth, between 41 and 68 degrees latitude. All kinds of cooking methods are familiar to most people, but in general, tropical cultures more often use roasting or steaming; arctic cultures rely on direct-fire heating; and in the boreal mid-latitudes, stone boiling is most common. Why Boil Stones? American archaeologist Alston Thoms has argued that people use stone boiling when they dont have access to easily cooked foods, such as lean meat that can be direct-cooked over a flame. He indicates support for this argument by showing that the first North American hunter-gatherers didnt use stone boiling intensively until about 4,000 years  ago when agriculture became a dominant subsistence strategy. Stone boiling might be considered evidence of the invention of stews or soups. Pottery made that possible. Nelson points out that stone boiling requires a container and a stored liquid; stone boiling involves the process of heating liquids without the dangers of burning a basket or the contents of a bowl by direct exposure to fire. And, domestic grains such as maize in North America and millet elsewhere require more processing, in general, to be edible. Any connection between boiling stones and the ancient story called Stone Soup is sheer speculation. The story involves a stranger coming to a village, building a hearth and placing a pot of water over it. She puts in stones and invites others to taste the stone soup. The stranger invites others to add an ingredient, and pretty soon, Stone Soup is a collaborative meal full of tasty things. The Benefits of Limestone Cookery A recent experimental study based on assumptions about American southwestern Basketmaker II (200–400 CE) stone boiling used local limestone rocks as heating elements in baskets to cook maize. Basketmaker societies did not have pottery containers until after the introduction of beans: but corn was an important part of the diet, and hot stone cookery is believed to have been the primary method of preparing maize. U.S. archaeologist Emily Ellwood and colleagues adding heated limestone to water, raising the pH of ​the  water to 11.4–11.6 at temperatures between 300–600 degrees centigrade, and higher yet over longer periods and at higher temperatures. When historical varieties of maize were cooked in the water, chemical lime leached from the stones broke down the corn and increased the availability of digestible proteins. Identifying Stone Boiling Tools Hearths at many prehistoric archaeological sites have a preponderance of fire-cracked rock, and establishing evidence that some were used in stone boiling has been tested by American archaeologist Fernanda Neubauer. Her experiments found that the most common fracture on stone boiled rocks are contraction-fractures, which exhibit irregular crenulated, wavy, or jagged cracks on the breakage faces and a rough and undulating interior surface. She also found that repeated heating and cooling eventually fractures the cobbles into pieces too small to use depending on the raw material and that the repetition also can cause fine crazing of the rock surfaces. Evidence such as that described by Neubauer has been found in Spain and China by about 12,000–15,000 years ago, suggesting the technique was well known by the end of the last Ice Age. Selected Sources Ellwood, Emily C., et al. Stone-Boiling Maize with Limestone: Experimental Results and Implications for Nutrition among SE Utah Preceramic Groups. Journal of Archaeological Science 40.1 (2013): 35-44. Print.Gao, Xing, et al. The Discovery of Late Paleolithic Boiling Stones at SDG 12, North China. Quaternary International 347 (2014): 91-96. Print.Nakazawa, Yuichi, et al. On Stone-Boiling Technology in the Upper Paleolithic: Behavioral Implications from an Early Magdalenian Hearth in El Mirà ³n Cave, Cantabria, Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science 36.3 (2009): 684-93. Print.Nelson, Kit. Environment, Cooking Strategies and Containers. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29.2 (2010): 238-47. Print.Neubauer, Fernanda. Use-Alteration Analysis of Fire-Cracked Rocks. American Antiquity 83.4 (2018): 681-700. Print.Short, Laura, et al. Facile Residue Analysis of Recent and Prehistoric Cook Stones Using Handheld Raman Spectrometry. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 46.1 (2015): 126-32. Prin t. Thoms, Alston V. Rocks of Ages: Propagation of Hot-Rock Cookery in Western North America. Journal of Archaeological Science 36.3 (2009): 573-91. Print.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & PROSPECTUS Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

& PROSPECTUS - Annotated Bibliography Example Certain theorists and researchers consider that the problem is related to the personal characteristics of children/ adolescents. Others state that it is mainly the environment, social – including family – and political, that negatively influences the behavior of children/ adolescents within educational settings. At the same time, children/ adolescents with specific habits, such as the participation in video-games that include violent scenes, who are more likely to use violence when they feel that their interests are threatened. Current paper is expected to contribute in understanding the actual causes of violence in schools. Particular emphasis has been given on the relationship between violence and specific social, political and economic conditions. The role of family, as a factor initiating the use of violence, is also reviewed. The paper offers analytical explanations not only on the aspects and the causes of violence in schools, but also on the measures that would be introduced for the control of the phenomenon. Statistical data, recent as possible, have been also employed in order to reflect the historically development of the phenomenon, the expansion of which is continuous, a fact that had a decisive role in choosing the particular subject. The paper of Benbenishty and Astor has been presented in the context of the IV World Conference in regard to the violence in schools; the Conference took place in Lisbon, in 2008. The paper has been chosen as it includes a range of valuable information in regard to the specific phenomenon, as expanded worldwide. A series of incidents of school violence are presented; these incidents have taken place in countries with different cultures, including Japan, USA, Finland and Malaysia. The incorporation of the paper in the reference list of the specific study has been considered as necessary in order to highlight the aspects of violence in school, as a global

Empiricism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Empiricism - Essay Example Recent philosophical knowledge has often argued that man’s senses can often fail to gain true knowledge. This is manifested in the film Matrix, when the story’s main character, Neo, realized that what he perceived to be real is actually not real. The world he has thought to live is actually a computer simulation program that has set to make an illusion of man’s existence. Hence, in this case, if we are to gain true knowledge through sensory experiences, yet our senses can fail us, then how are we to achieve true knowledge? According to Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (p. 728), our senses inform us of the color, weight, and consistence of bread. It is through these very senses that man have come to know the world around him, and all the things in it. This is the basic premise of empiricism, which states that: †¦a theory of knowledge, which emphasizes those aspects of scientific knowledge that are closely related to experience, especially formed through deliberate experimental arrangements (Wikipedia, 2006). Everything that man learns is the product of his experience. David Hume regarded lively and strong as experiences and perceptions. On the other hand, he defined less lively events as beliefs or thoughts. This could explain the fact that people have learned to define and appreciate the very essence of love, happiness, sadness, and loneliness. Love and happiness are often associated with events that thrill and excite people with someone very close of meaningful for them such as experiences related to one’s first kiss, marriage proposal, giving birth, and the like. On the other hand, sadness and loneliness are usually related to experiences such as unattained goals and aspirations, fight and arguments, sickness, and even death. It is no doubt that children would easily recognize the definition of sadness

History Of Intruder Knowledge Versus Attack Sophistication Information Technology Essay

History Of Intruder Knowledge Versus Attack Sophistication Information Technology Essay Intrusion detection is a necessary security infrastructure for any organization. Its a process of noticing or monitoring the events like imminent threats or unexpected new attacks, standard security practices, acceptable policies and existing attacks that occur in a network or computer. Detecting process is mainly based on signs of incidents. The process which attempts to block these detected incidents is known as intrusion prevention. Both the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) are principally focused on log information, identifying incidents, blocking incidents, reporting incidents to administrator. The regular problems when handling IDS is analysis of system generated events, because in a busy network there will be so many events to analyse with help of some monitoring tools and devices but its very hard manage due to unwanted outcomes, undetected threats and unmanageable threats. These threats can cause a serious damage to the network or organi zation. Research Question and Objectives: Every organisation recurrently face problem because of threats. As an Information Systems Security student I would like to do some research in Intrusion detection system. My main aim is to do an experiment on the Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) with help of Snort to detect network based attacks. Presently how the security infrastructure of the organizations is facing problems with imminent threats and malicious attacks? How it can be reduced by intrusion detection system? In what way the tools and techniques can be used to experiment the network based attacks? The research objectives are planning and implementing IDS, Monitoring for critical security threats and detecting them network wide, detecting malicious users on the network, proactive administration, regular network maintenance, 24/7 security event management, Signature and protocol tuning, alerting and preventing the detected threats. Hopefully all these objectives can be achieved by implement a network security with Snort. Snort is a flexible, small, light-weight and cross platform tool which is very suitable for NIDS. While working on this research network may also need some other computer running with tools like Suricata and Bro which are also familiar for NIDS and Experiment will also examine the integration of OSSEC with the analyst console Sguil. Literature Review: The Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are vital modules of defensive methods to protect a network or computer system from abuse. Network intrusion detection system examines all inbound and outbound network activities and notices the attack in network or computer. IDS are a passive monitoring system it alerts when distrustful activity takes place. It inspects the network traffic and data. It identifies the probes, exploits, attacks and vulnerabilities. It responds to the malicious events in several ways like displaying alerts, events log or paging an administrator. It can reconfigure the network and reduce the effect of the malicious activities like worms and virus. It precisely looks at intrusion signatures or hacker signatures so that it can distinguish worms or viruses from general system activities. Intrusion detections are categorized as misuse detection, anomaly detection, passive and reactive system, network based system and host based system. This picture shows history of Intruder Knowledge versus Attack sophistication Source: http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/IEEE_IDS.pdf Misuse detection: In misuse detection IDS investigates the gathered information and compares it to huge databases of attack signature. Primarily IDS look for particular attack which was already documented. It is very similar to anti-virus because the detection software has good collection of intrusion signature database and it compares packets against the database. Anomaly detection: In anomaly the administrator provides the baseline, network traffic load state, typical packet size, breakdown and protocol. Anomaly detector compares the inspected network segment to normal baseline and examines the anomalies. Passive and Reactive systems: In passive systems IDS perceive a potential security breach, signal alerts and information of logs. Coming to reactive system IDS reacts to the distrustful and malicious activities either by shutting down the user or by reprogramming the firewall to stop or block network traffic from a malicious source. Network based IDS: IDS are network or host based solutions. Network based intrusion detection systems (NIDS) is an independent platform which categorizes network traffic and examines multiple hosts. They are hardware appliances hence they consists of network intrusion detection capabilities. It does consist of hardware sensors which are located along the network or demilitarized zone. NIDS gains access over network traffic by connecting to network hubs and switches and they are configured got network tap or port mapping. The sensor software will examine all the data packets which are going in and out of the network. NIDS are comparatively cheaper solutions that HIDS. It also need less training and administration but it is not as flexible as HIDS. NIDS system must have a good bandwidth Internet access and regular updates of latest worms and virus signatures. Best example is Snort Host based IDS: Host based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) are not suitable for real time detection. It has to be configured properly to use in real time. It has software agents which are installed on individual host computers within the system. It analyse the packets going in and out from that specific computer where the intrusion detection software is installed. It also examines the application logs, system calls and file system changes. HIDS can provide some addition features which not there in NIDS. For instance HIDS are capable to inspect activities which are only able to implement by administrator. It detects the modifications in the key system files and can also examine the attempts to overwrite key files. Trojans and backdoors installation can be detected and stopped; these particular intrusions are not generally seen in NIDS. HIDS systems must have internet access and also frequent updates of worms and virus signatures. Certain application based IDS are also a portion of HIDS. Best examp le is OSSEC. IDS Protection Source: http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/IEEE_IDS.pdf Intrusion detection system (IDS) vs. Intrusion prevention system (IPS): Most of them believe like IDS IPS works similar and IPS is future way of IDS. But it is like comparing an apple and banana. These two solutions are very different from each other. IDS is passive it monitors and detects but IPS is active prevention system. The IDS drawbacks can be overcome by implementation, management and proper training. IDS is a cheaper implementation that IPS. However, by looking at IPS benefits most of them believe that IPS is following generation of IDS. The main point to remember is that no single security device can prevent all attacks at all the time. IDS and IPS works satisfactory when they are integrated with some addition and current security solutions. The combination of firewall and IDS gives protection to system so IPS is usually considered as next generation IDS. Presently IPS also has both types of HIPS and NIPS as like IDS. IPS can some more actions like dropping the malicious data packets, sending an alarm, reorganizing the connection and/or stoppi ng the traffic from the malicious IP address, correcting CRC errors and few more like cleaning up unwanted network and transport layer options. Snort: Snort is free and open source software which is used for network intrusion detection (NIDS) and network intrusion prevention system (NIPS). Martin Roesch was the creator of snort in 1998 but now it is maintained by a network security software and hardware company known as Sourcefire. Roesch is the founder and Chief technical officer of Sourcefire. The latest version is 2.9.0.5 and it was released on 6th April 2011. It is written in C language and cross-platform so that can run on any operating system. It is also a licensed by GNU general public license. Over a decade Snort has been recognized as the best prominent software in the security Industry. Snort is a great piece of software used for NIDS. It has ability to perform real time traffic analysis, protocol analysis, content matching, Internet Protocol networks packet log and content search. It can even examine probes or attacks, buffer overflows, OS fingerprinting, common gateway interface, stealth port scans and server message block probes. Snort mainly configured in three modes network intrusion detection, sniffer and packet logger. In NIDS mode it can examine network traffic and inspect it against ruleset provided by the user. As a sniffer it read all network data packets and displays them on the user console. As a packet logger it writes all log packets to the harddisk. Some 3rd party tools like Snorby, RazorBack and Base interface with snort for administration, log analysis and reporting. Snort provides dramatic power, speed and performance. It is light weight and protects against latest dynamic threats by rules based detection engine. Its source code and ruleset are regularly revised and tested by worldwide security professionals. It is most popular for IDS and IPS solutions with more than 205,000 registered users. There are minimum 25 companies that are incorporate with Snort for network security assistance. Snort vs. Suricata vs. Bro Source:http://blog.securitymonks.com/2010/08/26/three-little-idsips-engines-build-their-open-source-solutions/ Suricata and Bro: Suricata is also an open sources which is used for IDS and/or IPS. Open Information Security Foundation (OISF) has developed it. First standard release was in July 2010. It was written in C language and can run in Linux, Mac and Windows operating systems. It was licensed by GNU general public license. Suricata is a new tool when compared with other Opensource IDS and very best in all as shown in the above figure. As its new software there are no much research papers and journals. Bro is open source and UNIX based, it is used for NIDS. It was written by Vern Paxson and licensed by BSD. It runs on any Linux based operating system. These two tools are very good very there is no much research and literature on them. But these two are quite good when compared to Snort. OSSEC and SGUIL: OSSEC is an open source HIDS. It does log analysis, rootkit detection, windows registry monitoring, active response and integrity checking. It offers IDS for all Linux, Mac and Windows Operating systems because it has centralized cross platform. It was written by Daniel B in 2004. SGUIL is a pool of free software modules for Network Security Monitoring and IDS alerts. It was written in Tcl/Tk and run on any OS which supports Tcl/Tk. It integrates with Snort and generates alert data and session data from SANCP. Full content can be retrieved my running Snort in packet logger mode. Sguil is an application of Network Security Monitoring (NSM) Critical evaluation: The gathered information from different sources gives a brief idea of research. Literature covers all the aims and objectives of the research which was drawn and supported from the pool of journals, research papers, white papers, blogs and wikis. Introduction gives the over idea of the research going to takes place. Research question focuses on the field of interest and research area. Objectives mentions the clear tasks what are going to be achieved and its designed as a step by step procedure like starting with planning and implementation of IDS and later the steps that have to be achieved in the research area and ends with the some necessary applications like Snort, OSSEC and SGUIL which are very important to achieve the most out of Intrusion detection. Literature review covers almost each and every necessary step that is required in the research area. It is also very relevant to the research area and completely confined to it without any deviations. Intrusion detection and different types of IDS are clearly explained. Host based intrusion detection systems and Network based intrusion detection systems are clearly explained with help of graphical images. The differences between IDS and IPS are mentioned and it also explains why IPS is more powerful. Lastly main application like Snort, Suricata, Bro, OSSEC and SGUIL are completely covered with features. But the interesting finding during literature search is Suricata and Bro. Both are very good for IDS and they are having more advanced features than the Snort. However there is very less research done it that area. So there is a need of qualitative data by taking interviews of some security professionals and lectures. At last, in brief literature covers all the parameters of research question, objectives, methods and outcomes of different IDS and applications which are suitable for IDS are well organized and documented. Research Methods and Methodology: I would like do the research according to Inductive process because I am sure about the topic and I want to know the outcomes of the experiment. As inductive research moves from specific point to general I selected it and start working. In this research I am planning to implement an experiment in small network with some applications. I am using these methodology and methods for the sake of researching, investigating and evaluating the research area. I have got some set of research problems and classifications. According to explanatory research action I have set some aims to achieve. As a next step collected a pool of information required, organized the required out of it, analysed information and evaluated the literature, planning the experiment in all possible ways to detect more threats even in a busy traffic network. Now it is an important time to start my experiment before that I have to do some qualitative research by conducting interviews about Suricata and Bro because I need some assistance on suricata and bro to take a advantage of it. I am not interested on survey because as they are new applications people might know less about it and I thing its waste of doing. Case study and field study are also better to do because they can have depth look at issue or problem. But problem with field study is they may consume more time and they are very expensive. Quantitation method will be used analysing some numerical values, graphs and proportions. Experiment design can be categorized by certain criteria Controlled experiment, Cross-sectional designs, Quasi experimental designs and Pre experimental designs Methodologies discussed in the literature review are from user view so I might vulnerable to attack and have plan well for the implementation of experiment. These vulnerabilities can be fixed face to face interviews with security professionals and can also do by narrowing hypothesis. After the experiment the observations and analysis must be tested with hypothesis of proposed theory. Finally I will use both quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection process. I have planned to continue my experiment with the same Inductive research approach. Objectives Methods Planning and implementation of IDS Literature review, research papers and interviews Detection process Literature review, case study and research papers Network maintenance, proactive administration and security Management Literature review, white papers, blogs, case studies Signature and Protocol tuning Interviews, updates from, on-going researchs and literature reviews Implementing of security management tools Interviews, case studies and some more qualitative approaches Budget: Issues of access and ethics: Potential outcomes: Expected Impact: The experiment impact would be more informative and extremely useful in the field of intrusion detection. Research will clearly show the intrusions events and blocks them even at the busy network traffic time. It may also show some new advantages because of the suricata and bro. In my opinion this research is going to detect and block all the intrusions up to date. Depending upon the qualitative approach some more methods of suricata and bros can be implement to network to get the best out of it. Conclusion: The research at first started with a study of intrusion detection and then after I have drawn some boundaries with that following objectives. During literature collection I found some other interesting tools like Suricata and Bro which are predominately better that Snort. Though they are good but I couldnt find much literature and research area with them. So finally I decided to do an experiment on IDS with a small network consisting of Snort IDS and secondarily I am planning to keep one computer with Suricate IDS and other with Bros IDS and see the difference of these three tools from another angle. If I am successful dissertation can end up like Snort vs Suricata vs Bro or else minimum I can be successful with Snort. Using the research methodology of data collection and critical evaluation the literature work is investigated and evaluated. Lastly the outcomes of the theory are assumed from the research. I have already spoken to Neil regarding my dissertation idea and selected him as my supervisor. Finally I thank Neil Richardson and Louise Webb for providing ne this opportunity.

The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck

The plight of women had often been a popular topic of literature. Throughout history, the men dominated, overshadowing women in the process. The male sex had always been recognized as superior while the female sex was perceived as inferior; thus, they are not given the same opportunities. The social distinction between males and females had been documented in numerous pieces of literature. Literature often illustrated the injustice and equality women were subjected to while living in a patriarchal society.One of the pieces of literature that show the difficulty of being a woman in a man’s world is the short story entitled â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck. In this literary piece, Steinbeck shows the struggle of a woman to find herself as she attempts to assume a relevant role in society. This is the reason why one critic said this about the story: â€Å"[It is a] delicate, indirect handling of a woman’s emotion, [especially] the difficulty of a woman i n finding a creative, significant role in a male-dominated society. †Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck features Elisa Allen, a 35-year-old married woman living in a ranch with her husband Henry (Steinbeck). Initially, the story appears simple enough; it tells the story of a woman who is passionate about flowers and takes pride in caring for them. However, a closer look would reveal that the woman in question is in the midst of an identity crisis. She is a female who longs to be relevant in a society where only the men are considered relevant. She hopes to become relevant through her skills in planting chrysanthemums, but in the end her efforts were futile.Elisa’s attempts to be of significance are shown early in the story. Elisa is aware that it is the men who are significant in society. She also knows that the only way she could be significant was to assume a male persona, or at least try to fit herself in masculine mould. In the story, she attempts to be significant through her skill in planting chrysanthemums. This is the reason why the first description of Elisa is masculine; her appearance hints her desire to somehow fit in a male-dominated realm. In the beginning of the story, she is wearing a â€Å"figured print dress,† but that feminine garment is overshadowed by masculine elements.These elements include â€Å"a man’s black hat,† â€Å"a big corduroy apron with four big pockets† and â€Å"heavy leather gloves† (Steinbeck). Her manner of dressing illustrates her efforts to be masculine, to have a place in a man’s world. Elisa’s masculine manner of dressing is supported by her masculine actions. When she was attending to the chrysanthemums, she was exerting great effort. She was described as â€Å"over-eager, over-powerful† (Steinbeck). It was said that the plant stems were â€Å"too small and easy for her energy† (Steinbeck).In a way, her movements reflected the need to prove herself; she wanted to prove that she is just as capable as men are. When she was eagerly gardening, she looked at the direction where her husband and his clients were. The fact that she looked in their direction meant that she wanted them to see her and what she could do. Through the eagerness in her work with the chrysanthemums, Elisa sought to have the men realize that she could be significant just like them. The response of Elisa’s husband to her plants mirrors the response of society to women and their efforts.After his meeting with his clients, Henry comes up to Elisa and comments about her new batch of chrysanthemums. Upon Henry’s words, she â€Å"straightened her back† and there was â€Å"smugness† in her reply (Steinbeck). The gesture of straightening her back seems to be an assertion that she was responsible for the success of her plants. The tone of her reply affirms that she is proud of her achievement in planting. For Elisa, he r accomplishment with her chrysanthemums is her means to make a significant contribution in society. However, Henry soon undermines her efforts.He said: â€Å"I wish you’d work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big† (Steinbeck). For Henry, flowers are irrelevant. He believes raising apples would be better and more important. His comment seems to imply that Elisa’s efforts are not good enough to society. Instead of being discouraged at Henry’s response, she answers him with the conviction that she can raise apples. Elisa says, â€Å"Maybe I could do it, too† (Steinbeck). In this instance, Elisa asserts equality between men and women. Henry suggested that she should raise apples rather than chrysanthemums, and she took it as a challenge.She believes that she can do it as well. When the repairman tells Elisa that his life is not fit for a woman, Elisa asked: â€Å"How do you know? How can you tell? † (Steinbeck). For Elisa, women ar e just as capable as men. As if to prove that men and women can be equals, she tells the repairman: â€Å"I can sharpen scissors, too. And I can beat the dents out of little pots. I could show you what a woman might do† (Steinbeck). Later on in the story, the identity of Elisa shifts. The story begins with an Elisa who is rather masculine and who asserts herself to be capable of activities usually attributed to men.She seeks to contribute to society with her ability to grow chrysanthemums. By the latter part of the story, the readers can see a different Elisa; she no longer resembles the Elisa earlier in the story. This time, Elisa embraces her feminine side. She dressed up with her best underwear and stockings, as well as a dress that was a â€Å"symbol of her prettiness† (Steinbeck). She styled her hair and she put on makeup. Elisa then assumes a completely female role, a new identity different to masculine identity she portrayed in the beginning.In this instance, th e reader sees the two different identities of Elisa. The dichotomy between the two identities illustrate Elisa’s search for her self in a society where being a woman is extremely difficult. The search for the self is posed with the dilemma of either staying true to one’s feminine nature or to take a more masculine stance to be recognized in society. In the end, Elisa is faced with the reality of male dominance in society. When she and her husband were driving to dinner, she sees the chrysanthemums she gave to the repairman discarded on the road.It was through her skill and talent in growing the chrysanthemums that Elisa wished to make her significant contribution to society. In fact, the flowers themselves symbolized a woman’s effort to make herself relevant in a society eclipsed by men. However, the disregard for the chrysanthemums shows that a woman’s effort to assert her importance in society is futile. Because of her frustration over the neglect of he r flowers, Eliza â€Å"cried weakly—like an old woman† (Steinbeck). In the end, she gave in to her emotions, just like what is expected of women in general.Her battle to make herself relevant in a man’s world ended in defeat. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck reveals how women are affected by the patriarchal society in which they live, and how their struggle to make themselves relevant in society leads to the search to their own identity. Steinbeck indirectly reveals the plight of women during his time through the story’s protagonist Elisa Allen. Elisa struggles to find herself as she is caught between showing her feminine self and assuming a more masculine stance to establish her worth in society.Throughout the story, she repeatedly asserts the fact that she can also do what men can do. However, she seeks to be more relevant to society through her skill in gardening, especially in growing chrysanthemums. In the end, her efforts were wort hless. Just like the plants she gave to the repairman, her efforts did not amount to anything. In the end, she failed to make herself relevant, and proved how difficult it is for a woman to be significant in a male-dominated society. Work Cited Steinbeck, John. The Chrysanthemums. 1938. 20 Oct. 2008 < http://www. nbu. bg/webs/amb/american/4/steinbeck/chrysanthemums. htm>.

The Exploitation Of Land Is Justified Essay - 1432 Words

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